Mid-term results of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting.

Forty patients underwent coronary revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts between 1988 and 1992. A total of 111 coronary grafts were performed, or an average of 2.8 grafts per patient. Each patient received bilateral ITA grafts, and in 20 patients an additional 29 grafts were constructed with 18 autologous veins and 11 gastroepiploic arteries. The right ITA was grafted as a free graft in 20 patients. The ITA graft patency rate was 96 per cent (67/70) at the time of hospital discharge. The operative morbidity included 3 reoperations for bleeding, 1 perioperative myocardial infarction, 1 renal failure, 2 postcardiotomy shock, and 1 colon perforation. Two hospital deaths occurred; one due to colon perforation and the other due to postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. One patient died of cerebral infarction 6 month after the operation. Thirty-four patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I, 2 were in class II and 1 was in class III. Cardiac function evaluated by echocardiography and scintigraphy showed significant improvement postoperatively. These data suggest that the use of bilateral ITA grafts is associated with an acceptable mortality and increases the versatility of arterial grafting.